السياسات المناخية وفاعليتها في خفض الانبعاثات الكربونية: مراجعة نقدية للأدلة التجريبية ومحددات الأثر

المؤلفون

  • مراجعة م.د. مصطفى حسن عواد جامعة واسط- كلية القانون

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.61353/ma.0260441

الكلمات المفتاحية:

السياسات المناخية؛ الانبعاثات الكربونية؛ تسعير الكربون؛ فاعلية السياسات؛ إزالة الكربون؛ التخفيف من تغير المناخ.

الملخص

يتناول المقال فاعلية السياسات المناخية في خفض الانبعاثات الكربونية عبر مراجعة نقدية للأدبيات العلمية والتقييمات التجريبية التي تناولت نتائج تطبيق الأدوات الاقتصادية والتنظيمية والتمويلية في القطاعات الاقتصادية الرئيسة، ويهدف إلى تحديد مقدار التخفيضات المحققة وتحليل العوامل المؤثرة في تفاوت نتائج السياسات بين الدول والقطاعات، ويعتمد منهج المراجعة النقدية المنظمة للأدبيات مع توظيف التحليل المقارن والتركيب الموضوعي للأدلة التي استخدمت أساليب كمية وسببية لتقدير أثر التدخلات المناخية، وتوضح المراجعة وجود أدلة تجريبية معتبرة على قدرة تسعير الكربون ونظم تداول الانبعاثات والمعايير التنظيمية والحوافز الاستثمارية على خفض الانبعاثات، مع تفاوت النتائج تبعاً لتصميم السياسة ونطاق تغطيتها وخصائص القطاع المستهدف وقدرات التنفيذ المؤسسي، وتبرز التجارب القطاعية اختلافاً في سرعة الاستجابة وحجم التخفيض وتكاليف تحقيقه، نتيجة تباين البدائل التكنولوجية والبنية التحتية وطبيعة القرارات الاستثمارية والاستهلاكية، كما يتأثر الأثر الإجمالي بتفاعل الأدوات المناخية وبالقيود الاقتصادية والتوزيعية ومدى استمرارية الالتزامات الحكومية، وتخلص المراجعة إلى أن تحسين فاعلية السياسات يرتبط بتكامل أدواتها وتوسيع نطاق تطبيق التدخلات المثبتة تجريبياً وتطوير آليات القياس والتحقق وربط التقييمات الوطنية بمسارات خفض الانبعاثات اللازمة لتحقيق الأهداف المناخية الدولية.

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التنزيلات

منشور

03-11-2026

كيفية الاقتباس

السياسات المناخية وفاعليتها في خفض الانبعاثات الكربونية: مراجعة نقدية للأدلة التجريبية ومحددات الأثر. (2026). Al-MAHAD Journal, 26, 441-461. https://doi.org/10.61353/ma.0260441

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