التوجهات القانونية لحظر الحجاب في دول الإتحاد الأوروبي ـ دراسة دولية مقارنة ـ

Abstract

Banning the hijab by governments is not a new thing, but it is relatively new in European countries, the beginning was in France in 2004, when it banned the hijab in schools, followed by several European countries, and the forms of prohibition varied to include the burqa, the niqab and the burkini, within the national scope of the state or the local scope of the municipality These laws included penalties including fines that could reach imprisonment.

As for the European courts, the position of some of them was in support of the ban and others against it, most notably the decisions of the European Court of Justice in 2017 and 2021, which gave companies and employers the power to prevent the employment of veiled women.

This ban has various apparent and hidden reasons, some of which may reflect preconceived convictions rooted in history, and this has led to many effects on European public opinion, and social, security and economic effects that greatly affected the job opportunities of veiled women, according to documented studies.