أسباب الجفاف وآثاره

Abstract

Water is of great importance in the lives of nations, and many data confirm that the coming wars will be wars for water, the twenty-first century is the century of water, as Iraq faces great challenges because of the water crisis, as Iraq suffered during the last decades of the past century, great difficulties it is related to water, especially since Iraq is an agricultural country, and it was historically called (the land of blackness), especially if we know that water resources in some countries come from outside their political borders, including Iraq, despite the diversity and multiplicity of challenges (political, economic, social and environmental... ) however, the economic challenges are at the forefront, because the water problem is one of the problems that have a great impact on the Iraqi economy. The water resources in Iraq are currently facing, and in the near future, various and many challenges (internal and external reasons), it has become clear the size of the challenges facing the country during the twenty-first century, (these challenges stem from external sources (Turkey, Syria and Iran), which are huge dams and irrigation projects, operational plans of water resources in the upstream countries, internal causes represented by population growth and increased pollution of the Tigris and Euphrates rivers, and low irrigation efficiency (30-35%) due to old irrigation methods, and drought has a direct impact on various economic sectors in Iraq, which is in fact damage to sector of agriculture and industry and drinking water plants, as well as the impact of water scarcity on the electricity sector, where water scarcity leads to the stoppage of power plants, and water scarcity has a role in affecting the marshes, drying them out and reducing their biodiversity, which threatens to cause harmful effects on the economic future and food security of the country.