الدولة الخضراء ودورها في تنجيز التنمية المستدامة البيئية: نماذج مختارة

1. أحمد، خضير. (2024). الاقتصاد الأخضر: مسارات بديلة إلى التنمية المستدامة. معهد الكويت للأبحاث العلمية.

2. الأشرم، محمود. (2007). التنمية الزراعية المستدامة: العوامل الفاعلة. مركز دراسات الوحدة العربية.

3. بن غضبان، فؤاد. (2019). المدن المستدامة والمشروع الحضري: نحو تخطيط استراتيجي مستدام. دار صفاء.

4. بوبضياف، سعاد، وحفاف، مليكة. (2015). البعد الاجتماعي للتنمية المستدامة في الجزائر في ظل انخفاض أسعار البترول. جامعة حسيبة بن بوعلي، الشلف.

5. البوزيدي، محمد. (2020). التنمية المستدامة وتحقيق الأهداف العالمية. دار الكتاب الجامعي.

6. حسن، وليد حميد. (2025). الحوكمة الرشيدة في عصر الذكاء الاصطناعي: نموذج تحقيق التنمية المستدامة. مجلة القادسية للقانون والعلوم السياسية، (2).

7. حسين، حسين علي، ومحمد، عمرو هشام. (2024). دور ضرائب الكاربون في الحد من الانبعاثات الكاربونية في السويد والنرويج: تجارب ودروس. المجلة العراقية للعلوم الاقتصادية، 22(80)، 169-179.

8. الطويرقي، تركية حمود. (2023). أهداف التنمية المستدامة وعلاقتها بالتعليم. زاد ناشرون وموزعون.

9. غزال، عادل. (2019). المكتبات ومراكز المعلومات في ظل التنمية المستدامة. الوجة الحر.

10. محمد، محمد حميد. (2021). الاقتصاد الدائري ودوره في تحقيق التنمية المستدامة. مجلة الريادة للمال والأعمال، 2(3).

11. مرزوك، محمد سلمان. (2025). دور التحول الرقمي في تعزيز التنمية المستدامة. مجلة الكوت للعلوم الاقتصادية والإدارية، (59).

12. مسعودي، محمد. (2019). اقتصاديات البيئة والتنمية المستدامة: الأسس والمبادئ النظرية. دار الأيام.

13. مصعب، موسى، والقصار، أحمد. (2020). الحوكمة وأهداف التنمية المستدامة: دراسة تطبيقية للدول العربية. مجلة التنمية والسياسات الاقتصادية، 26.

14. برنامج الأمم المتحدة للبيئة. (2011). نحو اقتصاد أخضر: مسارات إلى التنمية المستدامة والقضاء على الفقر: مرجع لواضعي السياسات. https://www.uncclearn.org/wp-content/uploads/library/unep119_arb_0.pdf

15. نجاتي، حسام الدين. (2012). الاقتصاد الأخضر ودوره في التنمية المستدامة. معهد التخطيط القومي.

16. Anguelovski, I., Connolly, J. J. T., Pearsall, H., Shokry, G., Checker, M., Maantay, J., Gould, K., Lewis, T., Maroko, A., & Roberts, J. T. (2019). Why green “climate gentrification” threatens poor and vulnerable populations. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 116(52), 26139–26143. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1920490117

17. Arnstein, S. R. (1969). A ladder of citizen participation. Journal of the American Institute of Planners, 35(4), 216–224. https://doi.org/10.1080/01944366908977225

18. Arriagada, R. A., Ferraro, P. J., Sills, E. O., Pattanayak, S. K., & Cordero-Sancho, S. (2012). Do payments for environmental services affect forest cover? A farm-level evaluation from Cost Rica. Land Economics, 88(2), 382–399. https://doi.org/10.3368/le.88.2.382

19. Bundesnetzagentur. (2026, January 5). Bundesnetzagentur publishes 2025 electricity market data. https://www.bundesnetzagentur.de/SharedDocs/Pressemitteilungen/EN/2026/20260104_SMARD.html

20. Bundesrepublik Deutschland. (2023). Gesetz für die Wärmeplanung und zur Dekarbonisierung der Wärmenetze (Wärmeplanungsgesetz – WPG). https://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/wpg/BJNR18A0B0023.html

21. Chaffin, B. C., Garmestani, A. S., Gunderson, L. H., Benson, M. H., Angeler, D. G., Arnold, C. A., Cosens, B., Craig, R. K., Ruhl, J. B., & Allen, C. R. (2016). Transformative environmental governance. Annual Review of Environment and Resources, 41, 399–423. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-environ-110615-085817

22. ckersley, R. (2004). The green state: Rethinking democracy and sovereignty. The MIT Press. https://doi.org/10.7551/mitpress/3364.001.0001

23. Department of Conservation. (2020). Te Mana o te Taiao: Aotearoa New Zealand biodiversity strategy 2020.

24. Department of Environment and Climate Change. (2023). Kingdom of Bhutan: First national adaptation plan. Ministry of Energy and Natural Resources, Royal Government of Bhutan. https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/NAP-Bhutan-2023.pdf

25. Department of Forests and Park Services. (2023). National forest inventory: Volume I – State of forest report. Royal Government of Bhutan. https://bfl.org.bt/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/National-Forest-Inventory-Volume-I_State-of-Forest-Report-2023.pdf

26. Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean. (2018). Regional agreement on access to information, public participation and justice in environmental matters in Latin America and the Caribbean (LC/PUB.2018/8/Rev.1). United Nations. https://repositorio.cepal.org/server/api/core/bitstreams/7e888972-80c1-48ba-9d92-7712d6e6f1ab/content

27. European Commission. (2020). A new circular economy action plan: For a cleaner and more competitive Europe (COM(2020) 98 final). European Commission. https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:52020DC0098

28. European Environment Agency. (2022). Textiles and the environment: The role of design in Europe's circular economy. European Environment Agency. https://www.eea.europa.eu/en/analysis/publications/textiles-and-the-environment-the-role-of-design-in-europes-circular-economy-1

29. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. (2023). Revealing the hidden costs of agrifood systems to enhance their value (FAO Agricultural Development Economics Policy Brief No. 68). FAO. https://doi.org/10.4060/cc8582en

30. GNH Centre Bhutan. (n.d.). GNH screening tool. https://www.gnhcentrebhutan.org/what-is-gnh/gnh-screening-tool/

31. International Energy Agency. (2025). Germany 2025: Energy policy review. IEA. https://iea.blob.core.windows.net/assets/7fea0ad0-1cc1-45e9-810b-2d602e64642f/Germany2025.pdf

32. International Labour Organization. (2015). Guidelines for a just transition towards environmentally sustainable economies and societies for all. International Labour Office. https://www.ilo.org/sites/default/files/wcmsp5/groups/public/%40ed_emp/%40emp_ent/documents/publication/wcms_432859.pdf

33. International Renewable Energy Agency. (2024). Renewable power generation costs in 2023: Executive summary. IRENA. https://www.irena.org/-/media/Files/IRENA/Agency/Publication/2024/Sep/IRENA_Renewable_power_generation_costs_in_2023_executive_summary.pdf

34. International Telecommunication Union & World Benchmarking Alliance. (2024). Greening digital companies 2024: Monitoring emissions and climate commitments. ITU.

35. International Telecommunication Union & World Benchmarking Alliance. (2025). Greening digital companies 2025: Monitoring emissions and climate commitments. ITU & WBA. https://www.itu.int/en/ITU-D/Environment/Documents/Publications/2025/ITU-WBA-Greening-Digital-Companies-2025.pdf

36. Kingdom of Bhutan. (2008). Constitution of the Kingdom of Bhutan. https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Bhutan_2008.pdf

37. Langhelle, O. (2000). Sustainable development and social justice: Expanding the Rawlsian framework of global justice. Environmental Values, 9(3), 295–323. https://doi.org/10.3197/096327100129342074

38. Lavrinenko, O., Ignatjeva, S., Ohotina, A., Rybalkin, O., & Lazdans, D. (2019). The role of green economy in sustainable development (case study: The EU states). Entrepreneurship and Sustainability Issues, 6(3), 1113–1126. https://doi.org/10.9770/jesi.2019.6.3(4)

39. Ministerio de Ambiente y Energía de Costa Rica. (2019). Plan Nacional de Descarbonización 2018–2050. Gobierno de Costa Rica. https://cambioclimatico.minae.go.cr/plan-nacional-de-descarbonizacion/

40. Ministry of Industry, Commerce and Employment. (2023, August 25). Press release on introduction of incentives for the tourism sector. Royal Government of Bhutan. https://www.moice.gov.bt/?p=266928

41. Nash, N., Whitmarsh, L., Capstick, S., Hargreaves, T., Poortinga, W., Thomas, G., Sautkina, E., & Xenias, D. (2017). Climate-relevant behavioral spillover and the potential contribution of social practice theory. WIREs Climate Change, 8(6), e481. https://doi.org/10.1002/wcc.481

42. Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. (2019). Costa Rica's perspective on total official support for sustainable development (TOSSD) (OECD Development Co-operation Working Papers No. 56). OECD Publishing.

43. Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. (2020). The circular economy in cities and regions: Synthesis report. OECD Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1787/10ac6ae4-en

44. Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. (2021). The inequalities-environment nexus: Towards a people-centred green transition (OECD Green Growth Papers, No. 2021/01). OECD Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1787/ca9d8479-en

45. Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. (2023). Financing SMEs for sustainability – Financial institution strategies and approaches: Results of an OECD survey of public and private financial institutions (OECD SME and Entrepreneurship Papers, No. 46). OECD Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1787/b3fe3647-en

46. Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. (2023). OECD environmental performance reviews: Costa Rica 2023. OECD Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1787/ec94fd4e-en

47. Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. (2025). Scaling up public financial and non-financial support for SME sustainability: Innovations and good practices. OECD Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1787/bf835159-en

48. Porter, M. E., & van der Linde, C. (1995). Toward a new conception of the environment-competitiveness relationship. Journal of Economic Perspectives, 9(4), 97–118. https://doi.org/10.1257/jep.9.4.97

49. Pretty, J., & Ward, H. (2001). Social capital and the environment. World Development, 29(2), 209–227. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0305-750X(00)00098-X

50. Prime Minister's Office. (n.d.). Plans and programmes: Thirteenth five-year plan. Royal Government of Bhutan. https://pmo.gov.bt/plans/

51. Robalino, J., & Pfaff, A. (2013). Ecopayments and deforestation in Costa Rica: A nationwide analysis of PSA's initial years. Land Economics, 89(3), 432–448. https://doi.org/10.3368/le.89.3.432

52. Royal Government of Bhutan. (2018). Sustainable development and happiness: Bhutan's voluntary national review report on the implementation of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development.

53. Royal Government of Bhutan. (2021). Second nationally determined contribution. United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Second%20NDC%20Bhutan.pdf

54. Royal Government of Bhutan. (2023). Forest and nature conservation act of Bhutan 2023. https://www.moenr.gov.bt/wp-content/uploads/2017/07/Forest-and-Nature-Conservation-Act-of-Bhutan-2023.pdf

55. Schlosberg, D. (2004). Reconceiving environmental justice: Global movements and political theories. Environmental Politics, 13(3), 517–540. https://doi.org/10.1080/0964401042000229025

56. United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization. (2020). Education for sustainable development: A roadmap. UNESCO. https://doi.org/10.54675/YFRE1448

57. United Nations Environment Programme. (2024). Global resources outlook 2024: Bend the trend – Pathways to a liveable planet as resource use spikes: Summary for policymakers. International Resource Panel. https://wedocs.unep.org/handle/20.500.11822/44902

58. Ura, K., Alkire, S., Wangdi, K., Phuntsho, J., & Zangmo, T. (2023). GNH 2022. Centre for Bhutan & GNH Studies. https://bhutanstudies.org.bt/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/2022-GNH-Survey-Report_compressed.pdf

59. World Bank. (2021). Technical annex: Overviews of climate expenditure tagging frameworks. World Bank. https://documents1.worldbank.org/curated/en/779731613708891591/pdf/Technical-Annex-Overviews-of-Climate-Expenditure-Tagging-Frameworks.pdf

60. World Bank. (2024). State and trends of carbon pricing 2024. World Bank. https://doi.org/10.1596/978-1-4648-2127-1

61. World Bank. (2026, May 5). The Royal Government of Bhutan and the World Bank sign financing agreements for the Dorjilung Hydroelectric Power Project. https://www.worldbank.org/en/news/press-release/2026/05/05/the-royal-government-of-bhutan-and-the-world-bank-sign-financing-agreements-for-the-dorjilung-hydroelectric-power-projec