تجربة التحديث في فرنسا منذ عام ١٨٧٠

Abstract

he term modernization refers to those policies and activities undertaken by a state to move from one state to a better state on the economic, political, military and social levels, and this transition becomes necessary after those states go through a state of decline or deterioration, for various reasons, either because of the results of wars, or Because of economic problems, or because of a reality, experienced by those countries that remained for years under colonial control, plundered their resources and negatively affected their economies.