تقييم فاعلية قوانين حرية الصحافة في دعم الصحافة الاستقصائية

Abstract

This

research addresses an important issue, which is the effectiveness of press freedom laws in supporting investigative journalism and its oversight role. It examines the concept of investigative journalism and its importance in modern democracies, as well as the definition and objectives of press freedom laws. Additionally, it identifies key criteria for evaluating the effectiveness of these laws, such as judicial independence and its respect for the law, the general environment for freedoms and democracy in society, and the political will of governments to implement these laws. The research indicates that despite the existence of press freedom laws in many countries, their effectiveness in supporting investigative journalism remains limited due to significant challenges in actual implementation. There is a clear gap between the text of these laws and the actual reality faced by investigative journalists who encounter threats and prosecutions. Case studies were presented comparing some countries that successfully implement press freedom laws to support investigative journalism, such as the United States, the United Kingdom, and Sweden. In contrast, other countries like Russia, Turkey, and Mexico face significant challenges in this area. The research also highlighted the reality of press freedom laws in Iraq and their ineffectiveness in supporting investigative journalism. In conclusion, the research provided recommendations and practical measures to enhance the effectiveness of press freedom laws in supporting investigative journalism, such as legislative and legal reforms, strengthening judicial independence and the democratic environment, and building genuine political will among governments to implement and respect these laws.