مبدأ الفصل بين السلطات وتطبيقاته في ظل دستور العراق لسنة ٢٠٠٥

Abstract

The 

research discusses the emergence of the principle of separation of powers, which aims to prevent the concentration of the three branches of state authority (legislative, executive, and judicial) in a single hand or body, and how the Iraqi political system adopted this principle after 2003.
The research is divided into three sections. The first section addresses the essence of the principle of separation of powers by explaining its concept, historical emergence and development, and the stance of political thought leaders post-French Revolution on this principle. The second section deals with political systems related to the principle, such as the presidential system, the parliamentary system, and the assembly system. The presidential systems adopt a strict separation of powers, while the parliamentary system relies on cooperation and mutual oversight between the authorities.
In the third section, the research reviews the applications of the principle of separation of powers in Iraq through three stages. The first stage starts from the establishment of the Iraqi state at the beginning of the monarchy until 2003. The research then discusses the application of the principle from 2003 to 2005, and the third stage is dedicated to the application of the principle under the 2005 permanent Iraqi constitution.